Af

As defined by A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic (Geir Zoëga):

af Old Icelandic word can mean:

af

prep. w. dat.

af

I. Of place:

af

1) off, from;

af

G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;

af

ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;

af

Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;

af

Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;

af

hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;

af

Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;

af

tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;

af

bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;

af

land af landi, from one land to the other;

af

hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;

af

vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;

af

muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;

af

rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;

af

vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;

af

lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;

af

vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;

af

2) out of;

af

verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;

af

gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;

af

Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.

af

Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.

af

II. Of time; past, beyond:

af

af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;

af

ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;

af

þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;

af

var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.

af

III. In various other relations:

af

1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;

af

hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;

af

vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;

af

féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;

af

þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;

af

þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;

af

ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;

af

2) off, of;

af

höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;

af

vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;

af

þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;

af

absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;

af

fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;

af

3) of, among;

af

hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;

af

4) with;

af

hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;

af

fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;

af

5) of (= ór which is more frequent);

af

húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;

af

6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;

af

hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;

af

7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;

af

ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;

af

kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;

af

8) by, of (after passive);

af

ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;

af

ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;

af

9) on account of, by reason of, by;

af

úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;

af

ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;

af

af ástæld hans, by his popularity;

af

af því, therefore;

af

af hví, wherefor why;

af

af því at, because;

af

10) by means of, by;

af

framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;

af

af sínu fé, by one’s own means;

af

absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;

af

11) with adjectives, in regard to;

af

mildr af fé, liberal of money;

af

góðr af griðum, merciful;

af

fastr af drykk, close (stingy) in regard to drink;

af

12) used absol. with a verb, off away;

af

hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;

af

ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;

af

sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.

Possible runic inscription in Younger Futhark:ᛅᚠ